Occurrence of Highly Mature Organic Matter in Marine Black Shale Petroleum Source Rocks of Basal Cambrian from Northern Tarim Basin, China     

于炳松  Hailiang Dong  陈建强  陈晓林  梁世友 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(2):148-154

More and more evidence indicates that organic matter (OM) in immature organicrich sediments and sedimentary rocks is chemically adsorbed onto the outer surfaces of minerals and into interlayer (inner) surfaces of smectitic clay minerals in the form of amorphous molecular-scale carbon. But there have been few reports about the occurrence of highly mature OM in marine black shales ( petroleum source rocks ). The occurrence of highly mature OM in the black shales of basal Cambrian from northern Tarim Basin is studied in this paper. Based on the comprehensive analyses of total organic carbon contents (TOC) , maximum thermolysis tempera tures ( Tmax ) of OM, mineral surface areas (MSA) ,and scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopic (TEM) observations of the black shales, it is concluded that the highly mature OM in the marine black shales of the basal Cambrian from northern Tarim Basin occurs in particulates ranging in size from 1 to 5 μm in diameter. Through the contrast of the occurrence of the highly mature OM in the black shales with that of the immature ones in modern marine continental margin sediments, some scientific problems are proposed, which are worth to study further in detail.  相似文献   

近20年来宜兴市域水稻土有机碳动态及其驱动因素   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29       下载免费PDF全文

张琪  李恋卿  潘根兴  张旭辉  蒋定安  黄洪光 《第四纪研究》2004,24(2):236-242

中国农业土壤有机碳的变化一直是国内外农业与全球气候变化研究中十分注意的问题。一些研究提示20世纪末以来我国水稻土尤其是太湖地区水稻土的有机碳储存出现了增长趋势。文章选择了2002年对江苏省宜兴市市域范围水稻土的61个土壤监测点进行系统采样和土壤分析,并与该市分别于1983年和1994年进行的土壤肥力调查结果相对比,从县市区域尺度分析、评价了近20年来太湖地区水稻土表土有机碳储存的变化。尽管20世纪80年代初以前土壤有机碳含量变化以下降为主,但20年来该市域内水稻土有机碳总体上呈上升趋势。统计表明,4个主要土属的表土有机碳密度的增幅以下序递增:湖白土(-2.80tChm²)<白土(10.36tChm²)<乌泥土(13.65tChm²)<黄泥土(14.97tChm²),因而全市74.2×103hm²水稻土表土的总有机碳库从1983年的1.37Tg增加到2002年的2.20Tg。该市水稻土的平均固碳速率达到0.5～0.8tChm²a,这种快速固碳作用与20世纪80年代以来土壤中氮素的富集、秸秆还田的推广和90年代以来该地区不断扩大的冬季休闲有关。目前该市水稻土的固碳潜力仍很大,太湖地区的高产高投入农业不能排除在碳固定上的积极意义。然而,这种快速固碳作用的土壤过程和机理值  相似文献   

Enzymatic and Microbial Degradation of Organic Matter in Lake Hongfeng, Guizhou Province, China   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

梁小兵  朱建明  刘丛强  魏中青  汪福顺  万国江  黄荣贵 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(1):81-88

1IntroductionEnzymaticandmicrobialdegradationoforganicmatterhasabearingnotonlyonearlydiagene sis,butalsoonelementcyclingandmicrobedistributioninlakesediments.Somereportsshowedtheabundancevariationsoforganicmatterinsediments (BurdigeandGardner,1998;ArthurandDean ,1998;WanGuojiangetal.,2 0 0 0 ) .However,duetothecomplexchemicalcompositionoforganicmatter,mechanismsofenzymaticandmicrobialdegradationandvariationsofeachchemicalcomponentneedtobestudiedfurther.Underanoxiccondition ,SO2 -4 isanimpo…  相似文献   

森林沼泽区富含有机质样品中金的存在形式及对分析的影响   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

程志中  王学求  胡忠贤  杨兆武 《物探与化探》2004,28(3):206-208

为探讨中国东北森林沼泽地区富含有机质样品中金偏低的原因,采用了王水溶矿法和四酸溶矿法的AAS分析来测定样品中的Au。用四酸溶矿法驱除硅胶,明显地提高金的测定值,特别是对含量大于10-9的样品,2种分析方法的差别更大。通过以上研究发现,在森林沼泽区的富含有机质样品中,金除以有机质结合形式存在于介质中,还可能以胶体或纳米形式存在于样品中,并被SiO₂胶体所包裹,在高浓度有机酸的保护下,金能在水溶液中呈活动形式做长距离迁移;但用王水溶矿法不能测定出这种被SiO₂胶体包裹形式的金。  相似文献   

砂岩型铀矿床中铀矿物的形成机理   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

李盛富  张蕴 《铀矿地质》2004,20(2):80-84,90

本文通过对砂岩型铀矿床中铀在不同地球化学环境中的行为、存在形式及铀矿物种类的分析，论述了主要工业铀矿物——沥青铀矿的形成机理：(1)铀是变价元素，在氧化环境中活化迁移，在还原环境中还原沉淀；(2)来自于氧化环境的[UO2(CO3)3]^4-、[UO2(CO3)2]^2-在氧化还原过渡带与有机质、硫化物及低价铁等还原剂发生反应，形成铀的简单氧化物——沥青铀矿；(3)有机质、粘土矿物等吸附UO2^2 ，加快了其被还原的速度，有利于铀的富集。因此认为：有机质还原UO2^2 形成H2S和H2S还原UO2^2 的作用是沥青铀矿形成的主要原因，这一反应在中性和弱碱性碳酸盐溶液中广泛和普遍存在。H2S等还原剂的存在是环境Eh值下降的主要原因，从而使水中的UO2^2 在氧化还原过渡带处于过饱和状态，加速了铀的吸附和沉淀。  相似文献   

TOC changes in the process of thermal evolution of source rock and its controls   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

ZHONG Ningning  Lu Shuangfang  HUANG ZHILONG  Zhang Yousheng  XUE Haitao  PAN Changchun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

Through geological observation, simulation in laboratory and numerical modeling, the factors that control the changes in total organic content (TOC) of source rock have been studied. When the formula DTOC=(TOC0-TOC)/TOC0 (original organic carbon content in the rock) is used to measure the TOC (total organic carbon content) changes in the source rock through geological time, the degrees and directions of such changes are determined by losses and relative amounts both of organic and inorganic matter in the source rock. The DTOC equation, which is used to calculate the loss rate in the process of maturation for the source rock, is therefore obtained by analyzing the mass balance relations. For a certain type of source rock with a certain maturation history, the changes of its TOC respond only to the rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. In actual cases of geological entities, DTOC generally ranges from -0.05 to 0.2, while the calculated reconversion coefficient (k) for organic carbon content remains between 0.90 and 1.25. Only in an ideal situation where there are extremely high rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion can the DTOC value experience significant changes, with k reaching up to 2.5. It is concluded, therefore, that the criterion for carbonates source rock assessment, based on reconverting the TOC to the value of its original state, may have overestimated the course of the "carbon-reduction", which is likely in many cases to make a poor source rock sound better.  相似文献   

Study on the threshold value of organic enrichment of carbonate as gas source rocks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XUE Haitao  Lu Shuangfang  ZHONG Ningning  WANG Bo 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

In this paper, calculations have been performed about gas quantity of generation, adsorption, dissolving in oil, dissolving in water, diffusion of unit area carbonate rocks at different geologic conditions in the Tarim basin. According to the material balance principle, the corresponding organic carbon content when gas started expelling from source rocks with separate phases has been worked out. We regard it as the theoretical threshold value (TOCmin) of gas source rocks under the same geologic condition. Based on the simulating calculation, a fact has been discovered that TOCmin decreases with the increasing source rocks thickness, decreases at the beginning and then increases with the increasing maturity and decreases with the better type of organic matter. TOCmin evaluation table of carbonate gas source rocks in the Tarim basin has been established. Investigations indicate that the TOCmin of carbonate gas source rocks varies greatly with the differences of geologic conditions, and gas source rocks cannot be evaluated with a unified TOC threshold value. And we also establish a preliminary evaluation table of TOC industrial threshold value, TOCgy, of carbonate gas source rocks in the Tarim basin.  相似文献   

SOHM-4型氢原子钟的设计改进与初步性能   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

彭科  张燕军  张为群  张一平  蔡勇  翟造成 《时间频率学报》2004,27(1):41-47

氢原子钟是一种最稳定的 (除极短测量时间间隔之外 )频率标准 ,但是环境温度变化及微波谐振腔老化会引起原子钟输出频率的变化 ,从而导致氢原子钟长期性能变差。为了减小这些影响 ,可借助一种自动调谐器来确保谐振腔的频率始终工作在所需的频率上 ,并采用新的温度控制系统来改善氢原子钟的长期性能。针对这些年来许多氢钟出现的有关问题 ,上海天文台在借鉴国外氢钟实验室经验的基础之上 ,对原有氢钟进行了技术改造 ,并为国家授时中心研制了SOHM - 4型氢原子钟。对该型氢原子钟技术改造特点作了介绍 ,并给出了期望的性能指标及初步的测试结果  相似文献   

松辽盆地湖相泥岩地层有机碳分布特征及层序分析   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  

杨玉峰  王占国  张维琴 《沉积学报》2003,21(2):340-344

松辽盆地湖相泥岩地层中有机碳呈有规律的分布。在纵向上,特定的地层沉积单元常显示出底部有机碳含量高而向上含量逐渐减小的变化趋势。这种变化规律与相对湖平面的升降及沉积物的供给有关,并且可以在电阻率和声波时差叠覆曲线上以不同程度的幅度差表现出来。根据这种叠覆的测井曲线对松辽盆地英台地区嫩江组泥岩地层中的有机质丰度以及地层层序进行了分析。英台地区嫩江组一、二段泥岩地层以嫩一段和嫩二段下部地层的有机质丰度较高。从泥岩层序对比及测井曲线幅度差分析,该时期英台地区沉积物源来自于北部,其南部烃源岩有机质含量要高于北部。以嫩江组为主要烃源岩的黑帝庙油层的勘探也证实了这一点.  相似文献   

贵州山区土壤微生物生物量的碳同位素组成与有机碳同位素效应   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5  

朴河春  朱建明  余登利  冉景丞 《第四纪研究》2003,23(5):546-556

选择贵州岩溶区3个不同海拔高度上的旱地作为实验点,进行了绿肥(紫花光叶苕,C3豆科植物)的输入实验,目的是了解通过输入绿肥之后土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)的响应,以及微生物生物量中碳同位素比值的变化,来判断植物分解作用期间有机碳的同位素效应,即微生物分解对13C的分馏作用和微生物对有机质的选择性利用.实验结果表明,在实验地里加入绿肥之后,年平均气温较高的实验地的SMBC响应较快,并且其值高于其余两个年平均气温较低的实验地,说明SMBC主要来源于植物残留物,其值的大小受控于气温.在加入绿肥之后,并未在各自的实验地和对照地之间出现δ¹³C值的差异,而是在植物残留物的分解达到一定程度后实验地的δ¹³C值才高于对照地,但在年平均气温较低的实验点上始终未出现这种差异,说明植物残留物的分解程度和质量将影响SMBC的δ¹³C值,这种现象也进一步说明土壤有机碳的同位素效应是微生物对13C的分馏和对有机质的选择性利用并存的过程.3个实验点上的土壤有机碳的δ¹³C值大小的顺序与SMBC的δ¹³C值大小的顺序相一致,表明SMBC的δ¹³C值能够反映相应样品中的土壤有机质δ¹³C值的总的变化趋势,并可能是控制土壤有机质的δ¹³C值大小的主要的影响因素.  相似文献